---
schema_version: "secwatch.filing_event.v1"
accession: "0001562088-23-000247"
form_type: "8-K"
ticker: "DUOL"
cik: "0001562088"
company_name: "Duolingo, Inc."
filed_at: "2023-12-08T23:59:59+00:00"
generated_at: "2026-06-07T15:35:23.024376+00:00"
event_type: "other"
sentiment: "neutral"
materiality_score: 0.2
calibrated_materiality_score: 0.2
confidence: "high"
source: SEC EDGAR
---

# Duolingo amends bylaws to align with universal proxy rules and enhance nomination procedures

## Summary
- Board approved amended and restated bylaws effective Dec. 7, 2023.
- Addresses universal proxy rules under SEC Rule 14a-19; prohibits solicitation for non-Board nominees unless rules met.
- New procedural and disclosure requirements for stockholder nominations and other business proposals.
- Reserves white proxy card color for Board use; other solicitations must use different color.
- Updates provisions for meeting adjournment and stockholder list availability per Delaware law; deletes obsolete clauses.

## SEC filing metadata
- accession: 0001562088-23-000247
- form_type: 8-K
- ticker: DUOL
- cik: 0001562088
- company_name: Duolingo, Inc.
- filed_at: 2023-12-08T23:59:59+00:00
- event_type: other
- sentiment: neutral
- materiality_score: 0.2
- calibrated_materiality_score: 0.2
- confidence: high
- sec_items: 5.03, 9.01
- EDGAR index: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1562088/000156208823000247/0001562088-23-000247-index.htm
- EDGAR primary document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1562088/000156208823000247/duol-20231207.htm

## Machine-readable alternates
- HTML: https://secwatch.observer/filing/0001562088-23-000247
- JSON: https://secwatch.observer/filing/0001562088-23-000247.json
- Plain text: https://secwatch.observer/filing/0001562088-23-000247.txt

## Key facts
- Governance Changes
  Duolingo, Inc.: Amended and restated bylaws to address universal proxy rules, enhance stockholder nomination disclosure, require white proxy card for board nominees, and align with Delaware law changes (effective 2023-12-07).
  - Change: bylaw amendment
  - Effective: 2023-12-07
  source text: On December 7, 2023, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Duolingo, Inc. (the “Company”) approved the amendment and restatement of the Company’s bylaws (the “Amended and Restated Bylaws”), which became effective the same day.
  evidence_url: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1562088/000156208823000247/0001562088-23-000247-index.htm

This AI-assisted summary is a reading aid. Review the linked SEC EDGAR filing before relying on any specific claim.