secwatch / observer

Governance Changes

Charter, bylaw, and control-related changes under 8-K Items 5.03/5.05/5.06.

8-K items 5.03, 5.05, 5.06 JSON
WYFI WhiteFiber, Inc.

WhiteFiber, Inc.: Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association became effective (effective 2025-08-07).

“On August 7, 2025, the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “A&R Memorandum and Articles”), in substantially the form previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement, were filed with the Registrar of Companies (Cayman) and became effective.”
PTN PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES INC

PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES INC: Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a 1-for-50 reverse stock split of common stock (effective 2025-08-08).

“On August 6, 2025, Palatin Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) filed a certificate of amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effectuate a 1-for-50 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock (“Common Stock”).”
NLY ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC

ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC: Filed Articles Supplementary to classify and designate Series J Fixed-Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (effective 2025-08-06).

“On August 6, 2025, Annaly Capital Management, Inc. (the “Company”) filed, with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland (the “SDAT”), Articles Supplementary (the “Series J Articles Supplementary”) to the charter of the Company classifying and designating 11,500,000 shares of the Company’s authorized common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), as its 8.875% Series J Fixed-Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock”
USBC USBC, Inc.

USBC, Inc.: Changed company name to USBC, Inc. via Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (effective 2025-08-15).

“On August 6, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s articles of incorporation, as amended to date, effecting the Name Change.”
VRME VerifyMe, Inc.

VerifyMe, Inc.: Reduced stockholder meeting quorum requirement from majority to 33 1/3% of shares entitled to vote (effective 2025-07-08).

“On July 8, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Amendment”). The Amendment, which became effective immediately, reduces the quorum requirement at meetings of the Company’s stockholders from a majority of the shares entitled to vote at the meeting to 33 1/3% of the shares entitled to vote at the meeting.”
FIEE FiEE, Inc.

FiEE, Inc.: Amended certificate of incorporation to correct scrivener's error regarding authorized shares and par value of preferred stock, modify voting rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, limit full ratchet anti-dilution protection, and allow waiver of full ratchet protection by majority vote of S (effective 2025-08-01).

“On August 1, 2025, FiEE, Inc. (the “Company”) filed a certificate of amendment (the “Charter Amendment”) to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, with the Delaware Secretary of State to, among other things, (i) correct a scrivener’s error with respect to the number of authorized shares and par value of preferred stock, which was incorrectly stated as 3,000,000 shares, par value $0.01 per share, rather than the correct amount of 10,000,000 shares, par value $0.001 per share, (ii) modify the voting rights of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Series A Convertible Preferred Stock”), which had previously voted on an as-converted basis to shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without regard to conversion limitations in the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Existing Charter”), and would under the amended terms vote, on an as-converted basis if it was converted at a conver”
QTRX Quanterix Corp

Quanterix Corp: Adopted amended and restated bylaws to implement majority voting standard for uncontested director elections, replacing plurality standard (effective 2025-08-05).

“On and effective as of August 5, 2025, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Quanterix approved and adopted amended and restated bylaws (the “Restated Bylaws”) to implement a majority voting standard for uncontested director elections (in place of a prior plurality standard).”
MWAI MedWellAI, Inc.

MedWellAI, Inc.: The Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Series C Preferred Stock, consolidating Series C and Series D Preferred Stock into a single series and amending the rights, preferences, and limitations accordingly (effective 2025-08-01).

“On August 1, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Series C Preferred Stock (the “ Certificate of Amendment ”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada.”
BLNE Beeline Holdings, Inc.

Beeline Holdings, Inc.: Approved an amended Code of Conduct and Ethics to update asset descriptions and expand workplace conduct policies (effective 2025-08-01).

“On August 1, 2025, the Board of Directors of Beeline Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) approved an amended Code of Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) that applies to all of the Company’s employees, officers, and directors to, among other things, update and supplement the description of the Company’s assets and policies relating thereto, and expand upon workplace conduct and policies applicable to the Company’s employees, officers, directors and consultants.”
NTRB NutriBand Inc.

NutriBand Inc.: Amended Article 3 of the Articles of Incorporation to authorize Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, later increased to 10,000,000 shares via a Certificate of Correction (effective 2025-07-09).

“On July 9, 2025, the Board of Directors of Nutriband Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), approved an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of the Company to authorize a series of non-voting shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, titled the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), by amendment of Article 3 of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation (“the Amendment”).”
KITT Nauticus Robotics, Inc.

Nauticus Robotics, Inc. reported a fiscal year change.

“Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year. The information set forth in Item 1.01 related to the Certificate of Designation and Exhibit 3.1 are incorporated by reference herein.”
DEVS DevvStream Corp.

DevvStream Corp.: Filed Articles of Amendment to effect a one-for-ten reverse stock split of Common Shares (effective 2025-08-08).

“On August 7, 2025, DevvStream Corp. an Alberta corporation (the “ Company ”), filed Articles of Amendment (“ Amendment ”) with the Registrar of Corporations (Alberta) to effectuate a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Shares, no par value (the “ Common Shares ”), at a ratio of one-for-ten (1:10) (the “ Reverse Stock Split ”). The Company anticipates that the Reverse Stock Split will become effective on Friday, August 8, 2025 (the “ Effective Date ”), with the Common Shares trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“ Nasdaq ”) on a reverse split-adjusted basis under the Company’s existing trading symbol, “DEVS,” at the market open on Friday, August 8, 2025.”
CLDI Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.

Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Approved a 1-for-12 reverse stock split via Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation (effective 2025-08-04).

“The Reverse Stock Split was effected pursuant to the Company’s filing of a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.”
PSKY Paramount Skydance Corp

Paramount Skydance Corp: Adopted a code of conduct applicable to principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions (effective 2025-08-07).

“On the date of the Closing, Paramount Skydance Corporation adopted a code of conduct that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions and that relates to elements of the code of ethics definition enumerated in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K”
PSKY Paramount Skydance Corp

Paramount Skydance Corp: Amended and restated bylaws in their entirety (effective 2025-08-07).

“On August 7, 2025, in connection with the Closing and pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, Paramount Skydance Corporation amended and restated its Certificate of Incorporation and its Bylaws in their entirety to reflect the changes contemplated by the Transaction Agreement, described in the Information Statement/Prospectus, including to change its name from “New Pluto Global, Inc.” to “Paramount Skydance Corporation”.”
PSKY Paramount Skydance Corp

Paramount Skydance Corp: Amended and restated certificate of incorporation, including name change from New Pluto Global, Inc. to Paramount Skydance Corporation (effective 2025-08-07).

“On August 7, 2025, in connection with the Closing and pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, Paramount Skydance Corporation amended and restated its Certificate of Incorporation and its Bylaws in their entirety to reflect the changes contemplated by the Transaction Agreement, described in the Information Statement/Prospectus, including to change its name from “New Pluto Global, Inc.” to “Paramount Skydance Corporation”.”
QUMS Quantumsphere Acquisition Corp

Quantumsphere Acquisition Corp: Adopted Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (effective 2025-08-05).

“On August 5, 2025, the Company adopted its Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.”
AAL American Airlines Group Inc.

American Airlines Group Inc.: Amended and restated bylaws to update shareholder nomination procedures, forum selection, and other governance practices (effective 2025-08-06).

“On August 6, 2025, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of American Airlines Group Inc. (the “Company”) approved certain amendments to the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective immediately (as amended and restated, the “Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws”).”
Paramount Global

Paramount Global: Amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws in connection with closing of transaction (effective 2025-08-06).

“On August 6, 2025, in connection with the Closing and pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, Paramount amended and restated its certificate of incorporation and its bylaws in their entirety to reflect the changes contemplated by the Transaction Agreement, described in the Information Statement/Prospectus.”
SCI SERVICE CORP INTERNATIONAL

SERVICE CORP INTERNATIONAL: Amended and Restated Bylaws to implement changes to Texas Business Organizations Code, including new derivative proceeding ownership threshold, jury trial waiver for internal entity claims, exclusive forum provision for internal entity claims, updated director resignation procedure, and technical re (effective 2025-08-06).

“On August 6, 2025, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Service Corporation International (the “Company”) approved and adopted Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (as so amended and restated, the “Bylaws”), that became immediately effective.”
Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago

Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago: The Board adopted amendments to the Bank's bylaws, effective July 31, 2025, covering governance procedures for member meetings, director meetings, board committees, notice provisions, and director removal rules (effective 2025-07-31).

“On July 31, 2025, the Board of Directors (Board) of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (the Bank) approved and adopted certain amendments to the Bank’s existing bylaws, which became effective on that same date (the Amended Bylaws).”
Venus Concept Inc.

Venus Concept Inc.: Amended Series Y Convertible Preferred Stock Certificate of Designations to eliminate automatic conversion provisions upon certain conditions (effective 2025-08-06).

“On August 6, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Certificate of Amendment”), thereby amending the Certificate of Designations with respect to the Company’s Series Y Convertible Preferred Stock”
EVTV Envirotech Vehicles, Inc.

Envirotech Vehicles, Inc.: Filed certificate of amendment to effect a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of common stock, effective as of 5:00 p.m. ET on August 6, 2025 (effective 2025-08-06).

“On August 6, 2025, Envirotech Vehicles, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), filed a certificate of amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Common Stock”), effective as of 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on August 6, 2025 (the “Reverse Stock Split” and the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split, the “Effective Time”).”
MTNB Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.

Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.: Increased authorized shares of common stock from 250,000,000 to 500,000,000 (effective 2025-08-06).

“On August 6, 2025, Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock from 250,000,000 shares to 500,000,000 shares. The Certificate of Amendment was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the 2025 annual meeting on June 23, 2025 and became effective upon filing.”
RHEP REGIONAL HEALTH PROPERTIES, INC

REGIONAL HEALTH PROPERTIES, INC: Filed Articles of Amendment to establish Series D Preferred Stock as merger consideration (effective 2025-08-05).

“On August 5, 2025, Regional filed Articles of Amendment (the “Articles of Amendment”) to its Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Georgia to establish its Series D 8% Cumulative Convertible Redeemable Participating Preferred Shares, no par value per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”).”
ARR Armour Residential REIT, Inc.

Armour Residential REIT, Inc.: Increased authorized shares of common stock from 125,000,000 to 175,000,000 (effective 2025-08-01).

“On August 1, 2025, ARMOUR Residential REIT, Inc. submitted Articles of Amendment with the State of Maryland to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 125,000,000 shares to 175,000,000 shares to be effective as of August 1, 2025.”
BINI BOLLINGER INNOVATIONS, INC.

BOLLINGER INNOVATIONS, INC.: Certificate of Amendment to effect a 1-for-250 reverse stock split of common stock, effective August 4, 2025 (effective 2025-08-04).

“On August 1, 2025, Bollinger Innovations, Inc. (the “ Company ”) filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “ Amendment ”) to its Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect a one-for-two hundred fifty (1-for-250) reverse stock split (the “ Reverse Stock Split ”) of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”).”
OGS ONE Gas, Inc.

ONE Gas, Inc.: Amended and restated by-laws to make references gender neutral (effective 2025-08-04).

“On and effective August 4, 2025, our Board of Directors approved and adopted amended and restated By-laws of the same date (the “Amended and Restated By-laws”), amending certain provisions of our existing By-laws. The Amended and Restated By-laws have been updated to make references gender neutral.”
CISO CISO Global, Inc.

CISO Global, Inc.: Filed Certificate of Designations establishing Series A Preferred Stock (effective 2025-08-04).

“On August 4, 2025, we filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A Preferred Stock of CISO Global, Inc. (the "Certificate of Designations").”
Vigil Neuroscience, Inc.

Vigil Neuroscience, Inc.: Certificate of incorporation amended and restated in its entirety pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

“Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, Vigil’s certificate of incorporation was amended and restated in its entirety.”
Nuveen Churchill Private Capital Income Fund

Nuveen Churchill Private Capital Income Fund: Amended Bylaws to increase the quorum requirement for Board meetings from one third to a majority of trustees (effective 2025-07-30).

“The Amended Bylaws change the quorum requirement to hold meetings of the Board from one third of the Board’s trustees to a majority of the Board’s trustees.”
BCAR D. Boral ARC Acquisition I Corp.

D. Boral ARC Acquisition I Corp.: The Company filed its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, effective July 30, 2025 (effective 2025-07-30).

“On July 30, 2025, in connection with the IPO, the Company filed its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (the “ Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association ”) with the BVI Registrar of Corporate Affairs, which was effective on July 30, 2025.”
HCMA HCM III ACQUISITION CORP.

HCM III ACQUISITION CORP.: The Company approved its Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (effective 2025-07-31).

“The Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “ Memorandum and Articles ”) was approved on July 31, 2025.”
SEM SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORP

SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORP: Board adopted Amended and Restated Bylaws enhancing stockholder nomination and proposal procedures, including universal proxy rule compliance requirements (effective 2025-07-30).

“On July 30, 2025, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Select Medical Holdings Corporation (the “Company”) approved and adopted amendments to the Company’s bylaws, amending and restating them in their entirety (the “Amended and Restated Bylaws”).”
ARDX ARDELYX, INC.

ARDELYX, INC.: Board adopted Second Amended and Restated Bylaws updating procedural and disclosure requirements for shareholder nominations and proposals, quorum provisions, stockholder list requirements, and adding a forum selection provision (effective 2025-08-01).

“On August 1, 2025, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company approved and adopted the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (as amended and restated, the “Bylaws”), effective immediately.”
LOB Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.: Filed Articles of Amendment to establish series of preferred stock (Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock) (effective 2025-07-31).

“On July 31, 2025, the Company filed the Articles of Amendment with the Secretary of State of North Carolina, establishing the authorized number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock as 100,000 and providing for the voting and other powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions related to the Series A Preferred Stock.”
NV5 Global, Inc.

NV5 Global, Inc.: Bylaws amended and restated in their entirety at the First Effective Time pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

“Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the First Effective Time, the certificate of incorporation and the bylaws of NV5 were amended and restated in their entirety.”
NV5 Global, Inc.

NV5 Global, Inc.: Certificate of incorporation amended and restated in its entirety at the First Effective Time pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

“Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the First Effective Time, the certificate of incorporation and the bylaws of NV5 were amended and restated in their entirety.”
SI SHOULDER INNOVATIONS, INC.

SHOULDER INNOVATIONS, INC.: Amended and restated bylaws became effective upon effectiveness of the Restated Certificate, establishing procedures for stockholder proposals, director nominations, and conforming to amended charter (effective 2025-08-01).

“On August 1, 2025, in connection with the closing of the IPO, the amended and restated bylaws of the Company (the “Amended and Restated Bylaws”), previously approved by the Company’s board of directors to become effective upon the effectiveness of the Restated Certificate, became effective.”
SI SHOULDER INNOVATIONS, INC.

SHOULDER INNOVATIONS, INC.: Amended and restated certificate of incorporation filed to, among other things, increase authorized common stock to 730,000,000 shares, authorize 20,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, establish classified board with staggered three-year terms, and make related governance changes upon cl (effective 2025-08-01).

“On August 1, 2025, Shoulder Innovations, Inc. (the “Company”) filed an amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the “Restated Certificate”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in connection with the closing of the initial public offering (the “IPO”) of shares of its common stock.”
ZSTK ZeroStack Corp.

ZeroStack Corp.: Effected a 1-for-39 share consolidation by filing Articles of Amendment to the amended and restated Articles of Incorporation (effective 2025-08-03).

“On August 4, 2025, Flora Growth Corp., a corporation organized under the laws of the Province of Ontario (the " Company "), effected a 1-for-39 share consolidation (the "Share Consolidation") of the Company's issued and outstanding common shares, no par value (the "Common Shares") by the filing of Articles of Amendment to the Company's amended and restated Articles of Incorporation (the "Articles of Amendment") with the Ontario Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery and Procurement.”
E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.

E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.: Bylaws of Merger Sub became bylaws of Surviving Corporation with references amended.

“the bylaws of Company Merger Sub immediately prior to the Company Merger Effective Time became the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation”
E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.

E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.: Certificate of incorporation amended and restated in its entirety upon merger consummation.

“the certificate of incorporation of the Company, as in effect immediately prior to the Company Merger Effective Time, was amended and restated in its entirety”
CXAI CXApp Inc.

CXApp Inc.: Filed a Certificate of Validation to ratify and validate the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, deemed effective as of March 14, 2023, due to prior clerical omission in filing (effective 2023-03-14).

“On August 4, 2025, the Board of Directors of CXApp Inc. (the “Company”) approved, and the Company filed with the Delaware Secretary of State, a Certificate of Validation (the “Certificate”) pursuant to Section 204 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”). The Certificate ratifies and validates the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Second A&R Charter”), which had been duly adopted by the Company’s stockholders but, due to a clerical omission, was not filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on March 14, 2023.”
AGL agilon health, inc.

agilon health, inc.: Amended and restated the bylaws to adopt amendments relating to officer positions and technical updates reflecting Delaware law changes (effective 2025-07-29).

“On July 29, 2025, the Board amended and restated the by-laws of the Company (as amended, the “Amended and Restated By-laws”).”
XBP XBP Global Holdings, Inc.

XBP Global Holdings, Inc.: Filed Certificate of Amendment authorizing a reverse stock split of Common Stock at a ratio between 1-for-3 and 1-for-15, subject to Board determination.

“As disclosed in the Prior 8-K, stockholders also approved the Reverse Stock Split Proposal (Proposal 5 in the Proxy Statement), amending the Amended Charter to authorize a reverse stock split of Common Stock at a ratio between 1-for-3 and 1-for-15, to be determined by the Board and may be implemented in 2025”
XBP XBP Global Holdings, Inc.

XBP Global Holdings, Inc.: Adopted Second Amended and Restated Bylaws to reflect name change, board composition changes, and meeting procedures.

“Effective as of the Effective Date, the Company adopted the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, which update governance provisions to reflect the name change, certain changes relating to the board composition and certain board and stockholder meeting procedures.”
XBP XBP Global Holdings, Inc.

XBP Global Holdings, Inc.: Amended and restated Certificate of Incorporation to change name, increase authorized shares, remove staggered board, reestablish stockholder written consent, and clarify corporate opportunities (effective 2025-07-29).

“The Amended Charter includes: · A name change to “XBP Global Holdings, Inc.” · An increase in authorized shares to 400,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock. · Removal of the staggered board, reestablishment of stockholder action by written consent”
IVPR INSPIRE VETERINARY PARTNERS, INC.

INSPIRE VETERINARY PARTNERS, INC.: Filed Certificate of Designations establishing Series B Preferred Stock (effective 2025-07-29).

“On July 28, 2025, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations for the purpose of designating and establishing the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock. The Certificate of Designations was filed pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement. The Certificate of Designations became effective on July 29, 2025.”
AD ARRAY DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.

ARRAY DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE, INC.: Amended and Restated Bylaws adopted to reflect name change, delete reference to Long-Term Incentive Compensation Committee in Section 3.5, and delete fixed board size range in Section 2.2 (effective 2025-08-01).

“on August 1, 2025, the Array Board adopted the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Array (the “A&R Bylaws”) to reflect the Name Change. In addition, the A&R Bylaws (a) delete the reference in Section 3.5 to the Long-Term Incentive Compensation Committee of the Array Board and (b) delete the provision in Section 2.2 that prescribes a fixed range for the number of members of the Array Board.”

Facts are extracted by an LLM and gated to those whose source quote is present verbatim in the filing text. Coverage is best-effort while backfill and monitoring mature; this is not yet a full-market index. See methodology.